Max Weber s Theories About Status And Social Stratification

Baseball in the 19th century was both an extracurricular activity and a cathartic activity for American society that suffered from the demands of industrialism. In order to better understand the sociological perspective of baseball in relation to the social context of its’ origination, this paper will consider baseball in the context of Max Weber’s theories about status and social stratification. Although his theories are seemingly similar to Karl Marx, their theories are essentially different. Marx primarily believes that economics and class are distinguishing factors of society; whereas, Weber believes that status and social stratification are the distinguishing factors of society. When applying a sociological perspective of Max Weber†¦show more content†¦An empirical example of the prestige associated with baseball in the 19th century was the elusive Knickerbocker Club, an example of a new social stratification, fraternities. â€Å"Among the clubs, highly r itualized relationships helped preserve the integrity of the early fraternity.† (Rader 14). These rituals were extensions of the highly ritualized rules of the game of baseball. And in a tertiary fashion, thus mimicked the highly organized bureaucratic rationalization of society. The Knickerbocker Club also went against societal norms by hosting raucous parties with lewd and baseless activities. These activities were aberrant in day-to-day existence, yet the Knickerbockers were able to get away with this kind of behavior. Additionally, one aspired to be a Knickerbocker, or at least like them. Possibly, the start of these lewd clubs was the catalyst for the changes in modesty during the 1920’s. Baseball, for Weber, gives the 19th century working class an opportunity to assimilate outside of their working affiliations, or Marxian-like class associations. Weber would have analyzed baseball by simultaneously reaffirming community interactions and involvement, which provided opportunity for exclusion and inclusion. Weber asserts that conflict is the most important element in society. The conflict

The Role Of Nature Within Ernest Hemingway s The

The Role of Nature Within A Farewell to Arms Ernest Hemingway’s grandson, Sean, refers to his grandfather’s writing style in his introduction to this edition of A Farewell to Arms. This writing style was dubbed â€Å"the iceberg method†. This theory is best described as the omission of unnecessary, superlative language. This may be a minor omission, such as the words â€Å"he said† at the end of dialogue, to major information in the character’s motivations. â€Å"Hemingway believed the true meaning of a piece of writing should not be evident from the surface story, rather, the crux of the story lies below the surface and should be allowed to shine through†(Hemingway XIX). In Death in the Afternoon, Hemingway explains that if an author â€Å"knows enough of what his is writing about he may omit the things that he knows and the reader †¦ will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer has stated them† (web page). It has been suggested that this omission allows Hemingway to be detached from the characters that he creates. For me this detachment bleeds through to the reader as well. There is a two dimensional quality to the characters within this book. Each seem to be clubbed together by a series of clichà ©s and stereotypes. This clubbing together of the characters, leads to the non- interest in what is happening to them, and what road they are taking. In fact, there are times that some of the lead characters lack of growth actually have me wishing that a mortar round wouldShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Cat In The Rain By Ernest Hemingway1244 Words   |  5 Pagesvaried across the world in the 1920’s, with certain c ountries embracing women within society, yet other countries saw women as nothing more than homemakers. In his time in Europe, Ernest Hemingway witnessed the utmost respect men had towards women. Yet when Hemingway arrived back in America he saw the misogynistic attitudes towards women and their movement for suffrage. Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Cat in the rain† is the adventure of American women seeking suffrage in the 1920’s, alongside portraying the juxtapositionRead MoreHemingway s The World War I, Lost Generation, By Ernest Hemingway1460 Words   |  6 Pagesthere has been no American writer like Ernest Hemingway. A member of the World War I â€Å"lost generation,† Hemingway was in many ways his own best character. Whether as his childhood nickname of â€Å"Champ† or as the older â€Å"Papa,† Ernest Hemingway became a legend of his own lifetime. Although the drama and romance of his life sometimes seem to overshadow the quality of his wo rk, Hemingway was first and foremost a literary scholar, a writer and reader of books. 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In fact, Santiago is so connected to these waters, which he thinks is cheerful as a sometimes fickle lover, that the sea acts almost like a lens through which the reader views his character. Santiago’s interaction with the weary warbler, for instance, shows not onlyRead MoreEssay on Biographical References in and Hemingways Male Characters3950 Words   |  16 Pagesdominant male figures, Ernest Hemingway teases the reader by drawing biographical parallels to his own life. That is, he uses characters such as Nick Adams throughout many of his literary works in order to play off of his own strengths as well as weaknesses: Nick, like Hemingway, is perceptive and bright but also insecure. Nick Adams as well as other significant male characters, such as Frederick Henry in A Farewell to Arms and Ja ke Barnes in The Sun Also Rises personifies Hemingway in a sequential mannerRead MoreThe Hemingway Code Hero : The Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber1443 Words   |  6 PagesMacomber as the Hemingway Code Hero in â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber† Ernest Hemingway is among the most unmatched of American authors. In his works, he is often said to focus on gender roles, especially those of men. Hemingway often created characters that showed the characteristics that he believed made a boy into a man. However, these characteristics are not gender-specific, and could very well apply to women as well. This collection of characteristics became the Hemingway Code Hero. TheRead More The Enduring Hero in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay examples2161 Words   |  9 PagesThe Enduring Hero in the Works of Ernest Hemingway      Ã‚  Ã‚   In his vast collection of masterpieces, Ernest Hemingway uses his own characteristics to set a moral code for his various heroes. This sportsman like code is based on the admiration of the physical virtues of courage and endurance. While not necessary for sustaining society, the code conforms the characters to one set of characteristics (McCaffery 237). One key element of this code is stoic endurance in the face of calamity. HemingwaysRead MoreHills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay1777 Words   |  8 PagesErnest Hemingway’s, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, was first published in August of 1927 but it was not until briefly after the lone publication of this esoteric short story that it received the notability it deserved; accompanied by many other encapsulating short stories, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† in addition to the thirteen other short stories published by Hemingway in October of 1927 made up his second collection of sh ort stories, â€Å"Men Without Women†. Nevertheless, William Shakespeare’s, â€Å"Hamlet†Read More The Forgotten Female in the Works of Ernest Hemingway Essay3143 Words   |  13 PagesThe Forgotten Female in the Works of Hemingway      Ã‚  Ã‚   Ernest Hemingway has often been accused of misogyny in his treatment of female characters (and, perhaps, in his treatment of women in his own life). It is not fashionable these days to praise the work of Ernest Hemingway, says Frederick Busch. His women too often seem to be projections of male needfulness (1). Many of his stories are seen as prototypical bildungsroman stories--stories, usually, of young men coming of age. ThereRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant 1490 Words   |  6 PagesShooting an Elephant by George Orwell is a story about Orwell s experience as a police officer for the British Raj in frontier Burma. The exposition digs into an inward clash that Orwell encounters in his part of representing the British Empire and maintaining the law. At the opening of the narration, Orwell state, â€Å"Theoretically—and secretly, of course—I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Orwell, 1) by doing this, he clears up that he is against the British

Role of Management Accounting in International Firm Free Essays

INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING Sources: 1) Financial knowledge enables central control to determine what is happening in different subsidiaries. That enable the integration and control of subsidiaries by the central control. (Belkauoi, 1991) 2) Management accounting’ involvement in currency management is also important as the fluctuations in the exchange rates can distort the financial results of the subsidiaries. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Management Accounting in International Firm or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffet, 1992). ) Management accounting is a means of co-ordinating established configurations and its form depends on the strategies a firm adopts for configuration and co-ordination (Tomkins, 1991) 4) Study by Biles and Assada (1991) investigated how the Japanese and American ownership firms evaluated the performance of their subsidiaries. The US firms frequently used financial ratios for performance measurement. ROI was by far most important, whereas Japanese firms pay more attention to individual line-items in the budget such as sales volume and production costs. ) Horovitz(1978) compared management controls between UK, French and German firms. He concluded that German and French firms tend to be more centralized than the UK firms. The control systems of German and French companies were more detailed than that of UK firms. 6) Holzer and Schonfelt (1986) illustrated that accounting systems of major European and US firms differ greatly and, although internat ionalisation affects their management accounting systems, it does not do so in a linear fashion. Factors: 1) Configuration. ) Strategy. 3) Ownership of the firm. ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN INTERNATIONAL FIRM: The international firms have disperse configuration as their activities in the value chain are spread throughout the world. Therefore, the international firms use management accounting to co-ordinate and integrate their activities in different countries. The role and scope of management accounting differs in international firms depending upon the relationship between their subsidiaries and the strategy of their top management. Porter 1986) classified international firms into the global firms, the multidomestic firms and the exporting firms. Both global and multidomestic firms have dispersed configuration but the former is an integrated unit whereas the latter is a conglomerate that achieves control by making its subsidiaries as independent of each other as possible. In a global firm, management accounting supports a dispersed configuration of the value chain located across the world. The output of one subsidiary is an input of other subsidiary located in a different country. The dispersed location of subsidiaries call for extensive co-ordination and central management intervention in the affairs of the subsidiaries. By focusing on global product-line profitability, the central management can use management accounting to establish an integrated organization. Various operations like production, sales, RD are positioned globally according to specific locational advantage and they are integrated through extensive planning and budgeting activities. Management accounting in an international firm is a finely tuned information mechanism. In contrast, there is little integration of subsidiaries in a multidomestic firma as they usually operate in different businesses. Therefore, they are relatively free to devise their own strategies and plans and to monitor their progress towards them. Central management monitors subsidiaries from a portfolio management perspective which evaluates subsidiaries largely on financial rates of profitability. Management accounting role in multidomestic firms is setting financial targets for sudsidaries and evaluating their performance using composite financial ratios like ROI( Return on investment), ROA (Return on assets) , RI (residual income) and ROE ( return on equity). There is little emphasis on information which integrates activities across subsidiaries. International firms are exposed to exchange rates fluctuation risks. These fluctuations creates uncertain cash flows in corporate currency and also can distort the performance of subsidiaries (Eiteman, Stonehill and Moffet, 1992). Therefore, the management accounting manage the currency risks in the international firms by monitoring the short-term transaction exposure to debtors and creditors, medium term budgeting of international cash flows and long term strategic currency and exposure concerns over the firm’s strategic planning period. Management accounting uses transfer pricing between subsidiaries in different countries in order to maximize international firm’s after-tax global profits. Through transfer pricing firms may divert profits to regions where taxes are low (Radebaugh and Gray, 1993). The threat of this puts pressure on host governments to make and adminstor tax laws that benefits the firm. However, the firms seek to be as independent of the individual location as is possible, to minimize the political risks such as change in government causing substantial changes in host country’s economic policies. The management accounting plays a key and wide role in international firms. The information technology is improving and becoming cheap with the passage of time. That will further deepen the role of management accounting in the international firms. According to Belkauoi (1991), the financial knowledge resulting from management accounting has enabled the integration and control of dispersedly configured firms by the central control. The global firm is characterized by its large geographical reach and the considerable interdependence between its subsidiaries. Global firm uses management accounting to integrate its activities across the globe. On other hand, the multidomestic firm’s subsidiaries are quite independent in their activities. How to cite Role of Management Accounting in International Firm, Essays

Poor Performance of Banking and Insurance-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Poor Perfomance of Banking and Insurance Companies. Answer: Introduction Banking and insurance companies are very competitive service industries organizations; this is where changes in the market occasionally happen as it occurs in the world. The bank organization of which I have been a client for several years is having a series of predicaments such as its rise of customer complaints due to the poor services that have greatly increased and downfall in the market shares due to continuous losing events. It is one of the oldest banking industries in Australia and has been able to survive in the service industry till the recent times; it has been overwhelmed by occasional current change occurring in the economic world (Menor Roth, 2008). The organization poor performance indicators The main cause of the poor performance is due to the poor and unresponsive management planning and poor customer relation and satisfaction. The most evident results reveal that poor management and lack of customer satisfaction are continuous customer complaints without changes, mismanagement of funds and resources thus leading to withdrawals of investors due to fear of loss. Also, the bank has faced some other challenges like losing of its clients to other banks, and a high number of employees lay down due to the shut down of its various branches. The organization management has failed due to various reasons such as poor planning and timeworn methods of management, poor resources management leading to the growth of debts and scarring of the investors due to mismanagement of funds. Poor staff management and coordination of staff or employees, and poor problem-solving techniques that have led to piling up of challenges in operation of the system (Belkhir, 2009). The information management within the organizational structure and to the clients also has been a great problem in the organization this has led to poor customer relation and satisfaction. The poor or bad customer relation has been contributed to various causes such as poor marketing strategies that can be able to compete effectively with the competitors thus causing a lot of loss of customers. The banking system has made tremendous changes in the technology advancements; some of the changes are customer ability to access information and services online or even able to control over their accounts via mobile phones. The organization has been too slow or unable to move with the technological advancements: this has given the competitors much more advantage in the marketing of their businesses. Apart from the disability of bank to cope with technology changes the banking system has been unable to move with the current quality of customer expectations thus leading to poor customer satisfa ction (Verhoef et al., 2009). Main matters to be considered According to Kumar, (2010) he argues that any organization mainly relies upon a very effective management that one that can have over view of the whole industrial operation of the organization running efficiently. The main cause of the bank problems is through poor leadership and lack of proper strategic plans that enable the business structure to achieve the best standards of service to the customers. Good strategic plans and policies of an organization are very useful in goal targeting and in giving the direction to an organization on the path to being followed for achieving its objectives. Another problematic requirement that has hindered the poor performance of the organization is the lack of technology improvement as compared to the growth of the organization and change with the economy. Through this dormant growth of technology it has led the services of the organization to become outdated, and thus the organization is unable to compete effectively in the market. Management strategies and planning The bank management system can effectively operate by first drafting business policies and plans that would help in the meeting the objective of the business. The policies should be able to cover the employee management where they will perform effectively by the organization requirement and also be able to enjoy the full benefits of employment. The communication structure should be very effective this will be able to eliminate the poor problem solving; through this, even the customer's issues can easily be looked upon or solved. The plans and policies of the organization should also consider after SWOT analysis of the business and also through proper analysis in the market (Linoff Berry, 2011). The organization situation analysis SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) enable it to identify its problems and how best to curb the situations. The SWOT analysis also helps the organization to identify its strength and opportunities thus its ability to maximize its potential in the business operation. Goal and objectives of any organization are very crucial in the establishment of business plan and policies, and plans. The effective growth of an organization is well-known by analyzing the achieving rate; the organization should have key indicators that will show the trend of the organization and mostly the most effective ways of addressing the issues. An example of such indicators in the bank would be the rate at which its market shares are trading in the stock market, customer satisfaction clarification and ability to maintain good relationships with the customer and loyalty (Buttle, 2009). The organization should also consider improving its service standards through recruitment of more qualified personnels that can offer more efficient customer service. The bank should sell its brand more efficiently through more advertising which would give the organization much better platform against its competitors. Through the recruitment of more qualified staff, the organization can implement a much more improved system communication upgrade that would be able to serve the customers more efficiently as to the required standards. Advancement in the technology will be a very efficient means of the operational management; it enhances more communication system of the organization where the top managers can be able to participate in the business operation with ease (Young, O'byrne, Young, Young, O'Byrne Stephen, 2000). Also, leadership is an essential strategy in any organization through which every employee can perform effectively by the requirement and policies of the organization. Leadership may differ from managerial duties where its an objective of every employee to able to have good leadership qualities such as integrity, commitment, accountability, and all the required business ethics. Integrity is one of the virtues in every organization and mostly in the service industry such as the banks. An employee should be able to portray the type of leadership skills and mostly his commitment and accountability to the organization best outcomes and service to the customers (King Burgess, 2008). Conclusion In summary, the basic problem faced by the organization was poor management and lack of organization strategies that enabled the organization to operate effectively and be able to withstand the challenges faced by the organization. Through proper implementation of good management strategies, and effective policies and plans organization can operate to its potential best: The organization (bank) can show very drastic recovery from the poor performance. Another change that will greatly increase the potential of the business and enhance its mode communication and service to the customer is the advancement in the organization technology and its ability to keep up information technology changes (Stevenson Hojati, 2007). References Belkhir, M. (2009). Board of directors' size and performance in the banking industry. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 5(2), 201-221. Buttle, F. (2009). Customer relationship management: concepts and technologies. Routledge. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014). Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. King, S. F., Burgess, T. F. (2008). Understanding success and failure in customer relationship management. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(4), 421-431. Kumar, V. (2010). Customer relationship management. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Linoff, G. S., Berry, M. J. (2011). Data mining techniques: for marketing, sales, and customer relationship management. John Wiley Sons. Menor, L. J., Roth, A. V. (2008). New service development competence and performance: an empirical investigation in retail banking. Production and Operations Management, 17(3), 267-284. Stevenson, W. J., Hojati, M. (2007). Operations management (Vol. 8). Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Verhoef, P. C., Lemon, K. N., Parasuraman, A., Roggeveen, A., Tsiros, M., Schlesinger, L. A. (2009). Customer experience creation: Determinants, dynamics, and management strategies. Journal of Retailing, 85(1), 31-41. Young, S. D., O'byrne, S. F., Young, D. S., Young, S., O'Byrne Stephen. (2000). EVA and value-based management. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing.